Tendinopathy

Tendinopathy is a common tendon disorder causing pain and reduced function, most often due to repetitive mechanical overload. It frequently affects the shoulder (rotator cuff), Achilles, patellar, gluteal, and elbow tendons in both active and sedentary individuals. It involves structural tendon changes (disorganized collagen, vascular and matrix alterations), leading to pain especially during loading. Diagnosis is mainly clinical, with ultrasound or MRI reserved for atypical or persistent cases. Management focuses on progressive loading rehabilitation (especially eccentric exercises), while complete rest is discouraged; injections or surgery are considered only for refractory cases.